1.3 Computer Networks

Overview

This topic covers network types, topologies, networking hardware, protocols, wireless networks, network security, and cloud computing.

Detailed Content

Types of Networks

LAN: Local Area Network for small areas.
WAN: Wide Area Network connecting LANs globally.
PAN: Personal Area Network for personal devices.

Network Topologies

Bus: All devices share a single cable.
Star: Devices connected to a central hub.
Mesh: Devices interconnected for redundancy.

Networking Hardware

Router: Connects networks and routes data packets.
Switch: Directs data within a network.
NIC: Enables devices to connect to a network.

Protocols

TCP/IP: Suite for internet communication.
HTTP/HTTPS: Protocols for web browsing.
SMTP: Protocol for email transmission.

The Internet

IP Address: Unique identifier for a network device.
DNS: Maps domain names to IP addresses.
WWW: The global information network.

Wireless Networks

Use radio signals to connect devices wirelessly.
Include Wi‑Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks.

Network Security

Firewalls, encryption, and IDS/IPS protect network data.
Ensures safe and secure communication across networks.

Cloud Computing

Provides computing services over the internet.
Offers scalable resources and storage solutions.

Diagram

Figure: Illustration of a typical network architecture.

Interactive Card Sort: Computer Networks

Match the network terms to their correct definitions!

Exam Prep Quiz

1. What is a LAN? [2]

A LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a limited area such as a home, office, or campus.

2. How does a WAN differ from a LAN? [4]

A WAN (Wide Area Network) spans large geographical areas and connects multiple LANs, often across cities or countries.

3. Describe mesh topology. [3]

In a mesh topology, each device connects to multiple other devices, providing multiple pathways for data transmission.

4. What role does a router play in a network? [4]

A router directs data packets between networks, ensuring data reaches its correct destination.

5. Define network security and give an example. [3]

Network security protects data during transmission. For example, firewalls help block unauthorized access.